Many traces caused by bruises, wax, water and its contact with the body: blood, serum, epithelial cells; by the preservative substances like aloe and myrrh; by dust which settled on it along the centuries were discovered on the Shroud.

In 1981, Baima Bollone and the americans Heller and Adler discovered type AB human blood on threads samples taken in 1978 in haematic areas of the Shroud.

The most interesting micro traces are the pollens discovered and studied by the swiss biologist Frei Sulzer by making use of samples taken in 1973 and 1978. Frei identified pollens from more than 50 flower plants that allowed him to consider very likely a prolonged presence of the Shroud not only in Europe but in the palestinian and anatolian areas as well.

Recently the israeli Danin and Baruch have discovered traces of some plants from the Jerusalem area. The presence of the Shroud in these places supports the historians’ hypothesis.